CAT (QA) PYQs

A four-digit number is formed by using only the digits $1$, $2$ and $3$ such that both $2$ and $3$ appear at least once. The number of all such four-digit numbers is

P, Q, R and S are four towns. One can travel between P and Q along 3 direct paths, between Q and S along 4 direct paths, and between P and R along 4 direct paths. There is no direct path between P and S, while there are few direct paths between Q and R, and between R and S. One can travel from P to S either via Q, or via R, or via Q followed by R, respectively, in exactly 62 possible ways. One can also travel from Q to R either directly, or via P, or via S, in exactly 27 possible ways. Then, the number of direct paths between Q and R is

In how many ways can $8$ identical pens be distributed among Amal, Bimal, and Kamal so that Amal gets at least $1$ pen, Bimal gets at least $2$ pens, and Kamal gets at least $3$ pens?