Data Interpretation

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Five countries engage in trade with each other. Each country levies import tariffs on the other countries. The import tariff levied by Country X on Country Y is calculated by multiplying the corresponding tariff percentage with the total imports of Country X from Country Y.

The radar chart below depicts different import tariff percentages charged by each of the five countries on the others. For example, US (the blue line in the chart) charges 20%, 40%, 30%, and 30% import tariff percentages on imports from France, India, Japan, and UK, respectively. The bar chart depicts the import tariffs levied by each county on other countries. For example, US charged import tariff of 3 billion USD on UK.

Figure for CAT 2025 2025 Slot 1 DILR question 3 (Data Interpretation)

Assume that imports from one country to another equals the exports from the latter to the former.

The trade surplus of Country X with Country Y is defined as follows.

Trade surplus = Exports from Country X to Country Y – Imports to Country X from Country Y.

A negative trade surplus is called trade deficit.

What is the trade surplus/trade deficit of India with UK?

Surplus of 15.0 Billion USD

Surplus of 10.0 Billion USD

Deficit of 10.0 Billion USD

Deficit of 15.0 Billion USD

✅ Correct Option: 4

Slide 1/9

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—
France		—
India			—
Japan				—
UK					—

Every question here is about exports, imports, or trade surplus between two countries, so the most useful object to build is a single bilateral import matrix.

Each row is the importing country.

Each column is the source country it imports from.

A cell therefore holds the value of imports of the row country from the column country, in billion USD.

The passage states that imports of one country from another equal the exports of the latter to the former.

So this one matrix also gives every export figure: the export of $Y$ to $X$ is just the cell in row $X$ , column $Y$ .

Trade surplus of $X$ with $Y$ = exports from $X$ to $Y$ − imports of $X$ from $Y$ = cell $(Y,X)$ − cell $(X,Y)$ .

The two charts are linked by:

import tariff amount = tariff percentage $\times$ import value.

import value $= \dfrac{\text{tariff amount}}{\text{tariff percentage}}$ ,

where the percentage is read from the radar chart and the amount from the bar chart.

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—				10
France		—
India			—
Japan				—
UK					—

Imports of US from UK $= 10$ is filled using the worked example.

The US levied a tariff amount of $3$ billion on the UK (bar chart).

The US tariff percentage on the UK is $30\%$ (radar chart).

So imports of US from UK

$= \dfrac{3}{0.30} = 10$ .

This is the template applied to every remaining cell.

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—	20			10
France		—
India			—
Japan				—
UK					—

Imports of US from France $= 20$ is filled in.

US tariff percentage on France $= 20\%$ (radar).

Tariff amount $= 4$ (bar).

So imports of US from France

$= \dfrac{4}{0.20} = 20$ .

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—	20			10
France	15	—
India			—
Japan				—
UK					—

Imports of France from US $= 15$ is filled in.

France tariff percentage on US $= 10\%$ (radar).

Tariff amount $= 1.5$ (bar).

So imports of France from US

$= \dfrac{1.5}{0.10} = 15$ .

This pairs with the cell US←France for the France–US balance.

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—	20			10
France	15	—
India			—
Japan				—
UK	12				—

Imports of UK from US $= 12$ is filled in.

UK tariff percentage on US $= 25\%$ (radar).

Tariff amount $= 3$ (bar).

So imports of UK from US

$= \dfrac{3}{0.25} = 12$ .

With US←UK $= 10$ already known, the US–UK balance is now complete.

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—	20			10
France	15	—
India			—	7
Japan				—
UK	12				—

Imports of India from Japan $= 7$ is filled in.

India tariff percentage on Japan $= 25\%$ (radar).

Tariff amount $= 1.75$ (bar).

So imports of India from Japan

$= \dfrac{1.75}{0.25} = 7$ .

Since exports of Japan to India equal imports of India from Japan, this cell is also Japan's export to India.

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—	20			10
France	15	—
India			—	7	25
Japan				—
UK	12		10		—

Imports of India from UK $= 25$ and imports of UK from India $= 10$ are filled in.

India tariff percentage on UK $= 20\%$ , amount $= 5$ :

$\dfrac{5}{0.20} = 25$ .

UK tariff percentage on India $= 30\%$ , amount $= 3$ :

$\dfrac{3}{0.30} = 10$ .

These two cells fix the India–UK balance.

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—	20			10
France	15	—	18
India			—	7	25
Japan		12		—
UK	12		10	15	—

Three comparison cells are filled in.

UK from Japan: $20\%$ , amount $3$ → $\dfrac{3}{0.20} = 15$ (exports of Japan to UK).

Japan from France: $25\%$ , amount $3$ → $\dfrac{3}{0.25} = 12$ (exports of France to Japan).

France from India: $20\%$ , amount $3.6$ → $\dfrac{3.6}{0.20} = 18$ .

Imports of ↓ from →	US	France	India	Japan	UK
US	—	20			10
France	15	—	18
India			—	7	25
Japan		12		—
UK	12		10	15	—

All cells needed for the four questions are now determined.

The trade balances follow directly using surplus $(X,Y)$ = cell $(Y,X)$ − cell $(X,Y)$ .

India with UK:

$\text{cell(UK,India)} - \text{cell(India,UK)} = 10 - 25 = -15$ (a deficit of $15$ ).

France with US:

$\text{cell(US,France)} - \text{cell(France,US)} = 20 - 15 = +5$ (a surplus).

UK with US:

$\text{cell(US,UK)} - \text{cell(UK,US)} = 10 - 12 = -2$ (a deficit).

The comparison cells give: US from France $=20$ , Japan to UK $=15$ , France to Japan $=12$ , France from India $=18$ , so US from France is the largest of these.

Trade surplus of India with UK = exports India→UK − imports India←UK.

Exports India→UK = imports of UK from India $=\dfrac{3}{0.30}=10$ .

Imports India←UK = imports of India from UK $=\dfrac{5}{0.20}=25$ .

Surplus $=10-25=-15$ , which is a deficit of $15$ .

Answer: Deficit of 15.0 Billion USD (option 4).

Question 1

How much is Japan's export to India worth?

Question 2

Which among the following is the highest?

Question 4

Among France and UK, who has/have trade surplus(es) with US?

What is the trade surplus/trade deficit of India with UK?

Solution

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