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If (a+bn)(a+b \sqrt{n}) is the positive square root of (29−125)(29-12 \sqrt{5}), where aa and bb are integers, and nn is a natural number, then the maximum possible value of (a+b+n)(a+b+n) is

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 2

Since our target expression 29−12529-12\sqrt{5} contains a negative coefficient with the square root term, we need to be strategic about our approach.

Key Insight: If we try (a+bn)2(a+b\sqrt{n})^2 with positive bb, we'd get a positive coefficient for the n\sqrt{n} term. But we need a negative coefficient!


Let's expand (p−q5)2(p-q\sqrt{5})^2:

(p−q5)2=p2+(q5)2−2⋅p⋅q5(p-q\sqrt{5})^2 = p^2 + (q\sqrt{5})^2 - 2 \cdot p \cdot q\sqrt{5}

=p2+q2⋅5−2pq5= p^2 + q^2 \cdot 5 - 2pq\sqrt{5}

=p2+5q2−2pq5= p^2 + 5q^2 - 2pq\sqrt{5}


We need this to equal 29−12529-12\sqrt{5}:

p2+5q2−2pq5=29−125p^2 + 5q^2 - 2pq\sqrt{5} = 29 - 12\sqrt{5}

Comparing the rational parts: p2+5q2=29p^2 + 5q^2 = 29

Comparing the irrational parts: −2pq=−12-2pq = -12, so pq=6pq = 6


From pq=6pq = 6, the possible positive integer pairs are:

(p,q)=(1,6),(2,3),(3,2),(6,1)(p,q) = (1,6), (2,3), (3,2), (6,1)

Let's check which satisfies p2+5q2=29p^2 + 5q^2 = 29:

(1,6)(1,6): 1+5(36)=1+180=181≠291 + 5(36) = 1 + 180 = 181 \neq 29

(2,3)(2,3): 4+5(9)=4+45=49≠294 + 5(9) = 4 + 45 = 49 \neq 29

(3,2)(3,2): 9+5(4)=9+20=299 + 5(4) = 9 + 20 = 29 This works!

(6,1)(6,1): 36+5(1)=36+5=41≠2936 + 5(1) = 36 + 5 = 41 \neq 29

Only (p,q)=(3,2)(p,q) = (3,2) works!


We found that (3−25)2=29−125(3-2\sqrt{5})^2 = 29-12\sqrt{5}

But let's check if 3−253-2\sqrt{5} is positive or negative:

Since 5≈2.236\sqrt{5} \approx 2.236, we have 25≈4.472>32\sqrt{5} \approx 4.472 > 3

So 3−25<03-2\sqrt{5} < 0, which means it's negative!

Since we need the positive square root, we take:

29−125=−(3−25)=25−3\sqrt{29-12\sqrt{5}} = -(3-2\sqrt{5}) = 2\sqrt{5}-3


We need to express 25−32\sqrt{5}-3 in the form a+bna+b\sqrt{n}:

25−3=−3+252\sqrt{5}-3 = -3+2\sqrt{5}

This gives us: a=−3a = -3, b=2b = 2, n=5n = 5

So a+b+n=−3+2+5=4a+b+n = -3+2+5 = 4


The question asks for the maximum possible value, so let's see if there are other valid representations.

Notice that 25=4⋅5=202\sqrt{5} = \sqrt{4 \cdot 5} = \sqrt{20}

So we can also write: 25−3=−3+202\sqrt{5}-3 = -3+\sqrt{20}

This gives us: a=−3a = -3, b=1b = 1, n=20n = 20

So a+b+n=−3+1+20=18a+b+n = -3+1+20 = 18


Comparing our two valid forms:

a=−3,b=2,n=5a = -3, b = 2, n = 5: a+b+n=4a+b+n = 4

a=−3,b=1,n=20a = -3, b = 1, n = 20: a+b+n=18a+b+n = 18

Therefore, the maximum possible value of (a+b+n)(a+b+n) is 18.

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