To find what critics mean by "digital colonialism,"we need to look for where the passage explains this specific criticism. From passage: "There's another issue for some archaeologists and art historians. CyArk owns the copyrights of the scans - not the countries where these sites are located. That means the countries need CyArk's permission to use these images for commercial purposes." The passage connects this to colonialism when it says: "Erin Thompson... says it's the latest example of a Western nation appropriating a foreign culture, a centuries-long battle." **Thought Process:** Digital colonialism criticism -> copyright ownership issue -> CyArk owns rights, not the countries -> countries need permission from CyArk -> like old colonialism where outsiders controlled local resources

**Elimination Strategy:** Look for what the passage directly connects to the "digital colonialism" criticism. The passage gives a specific explanation right after mentioning this term. 🟠 **Option 1** -> **partial-truth** -> The passage actually says CyArk does work with authorities and trains local people, so details are shared. This misses the real issue. 🔴 **Option 2** -> **irrelevant** -> Damage to sites from scanning is never mentioned in the passage. This is completely off-topic. 🔴 **Option 4** -> **context-shift** -> This is about getting permission before scanning, but the criticism is about who owns the scans after they're made. 🟢 **Option 3** -> **correct** -> Directly matches the passage's explanation of the digital colonialism criticism - it's specifically about copyright ownership, not the countries owning their own cultural site scans. The key insight: Critics aren't upset about the process of scanning, but about who controls the digital copies afterward.

CAT (VARC) PYQs

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