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Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between

sports participation and deviance.

Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.

There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.

Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and

deviance.

✅ Correct Option: 4

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